Understanding the Snake Mite and Current Therapies for Its Control

Ophionyssus natricis (Parasitiformes: Macronyssidae) is a mesostigmatid mite which commonly parasitizes captive snakes. The mites feed on the host's blood by lacerating the soft skin between scales with their chelicerae. Heavy infestations are common in captive specimens and have been shown to result in severe anemia, dehydration, and death. Additionally, the mites have been shown to transmit several bacterial, protozoal, and filariid pathogens. While well recognized as a significant pest in captive snake collections, the snake mite has been difficult to control. The inability to control O. natricis is related to its complex life cycle, which includes both blood feeding and non-feeding stages. In order to develop a proper treatment regimen for O. natricis, it is critical to understand the natural history of the organism. This paper will describe the life cycle and ethology of O. natricis and summarize current therapies utilized in controlling and attempting to eradicate this pest.